Harvard referencing guide

The University Library guide to the Harvard style of referencing mentions that it is very important to provide references in your work for the following four reasons:

• To show anyone who reads your work that you understand the topic and can frame and demonstrate your own thoughts on this.
•  To demonstrate that you have read widely and deeply.
•  To enable the reader to locate where you obtained each quote or idea.
•  By providing the original source of the material or ideas, you are acknowledging the ideas and thoughts of the original author.

There are various types of referencing.

Citing references in-text using Harvard system. 

1.1 Author’s name cited in the text:

When making reference to an author’s work in your text, their name is followed by the year of publication of their work. Wherever there is a particular part of the work mentioned, a page reference should also be included.

1.2 Author’s name not cited directly in the text:

When reference made to an author’s work is without the mention of the author in the text then it is important to mention the name of the author and the year of publication at the end of the text or at a point where it could be considered relevant.

1.3 Chapter author’s in edited works:

When an author’s work is a part of a chapter written by another author or editor then it is important that the name and year of publication of the contributory author (and not the editor) needs to be mentioned in the text.

However, the details of the chapter author as well as the editor must be included at the end of the document.

1.4 Corporate authors:

If the work is by recognised organization and has no personal author then the entire work is cited under the body that commissioned the work. This category includes associations, companies, government departments etc.

1.5 No Author:

In case of an unidentified author, the term “Anonymous” or “Anon.” is to be used.  The title should be written in Italics in order to establish the authorship if this work is intended to be used in academic submissions.

1.6 No Date:

The abbreviation is n.d is used to denote this.

1.7 Page Numbers:

While quoting or paraphrasing specific paragraphs in a text, it is important to include page numbers for ease of locating the exact source of the quoted text.

1.8 Tables and Diagrams:

While reproducing tables and diagrams directly or certain specific text from them, it is important to make a mention of the source of the table or diagram. Author, year of publishing the data and the page number should be mentioned in this case.

1.9 Websites:

While citing material from a website, the authorship of the website alongwith the date of publishing must be mentioned.

Compiling the reference list and bibliography: from books, journals and newspapers.

2.1 A reference list helps in tracking the sources easily by another reader. Certain common things that need to be maintained are the author’s name, year of publication and title.

 2.2 Books:

        2.2.1 Books with one author:

        The required elements for a book reference are: Author, Initials. Year. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication. Publisher.

        2.2.2 Books with many authors:

        For books where there are more than four authors, mention the name of the first     author followed by et.al.

         2.2.3 Books which are edited:

         The following are the required elements:

Author, Initials.ed. Year. Title of book. Edition. Place. Publisher.

         2.2.4 Books which have been translated:

         The following are the required elements:

Author, Year. Title of book. Translated from (language) by (name of translator, included initials first, then surname) Place of publication. Publisher.

          2.2.5 e-Books and PDFs:

          The following are the required elements:

Author. Year, Title of book (type of medium) Place of Publication: Publisher. Followed by Available through: include e-book source/database, web address or URL (accessed date).

           For PDFs:

Authorship, Year. Title of Book. (type of medium) Place of publication (if known): Publisher. Followed by: Available at: include web address or URL for the actual PDF, where available (accessed data).

2.3 JournalArticles and Newspapers:

       2.3.1 Print Journal Articles:

       Author. Initials. Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal. Volume number. Issue/ part number, Page numbers.

        2.3.2 Journal articles from a database:

        Author, Initials. Year. Title of article. Full title of Journal. (type of medium) Volume number. Issue/ part number, page numbers if available. Available through: name of data: (accessed database)

        2.3.3 Magazine or Journal articles available on the internet:

         Author. Initials. Year. Title of article, Full title of Magazine (online) Available at : web address (quote the exact URL of the article) (accessed data).

        2.3.4 Journal abstract from a database:

         Author. Initials. Year. Title of article. Full title of Journal, (type of medium) Volume number (issue/part number), page numbers if available, Abstract only. Available through: name of database.

        2.3.5 Newspaper articles:

        Author, Initials, Year. Title of article or column header. Full title of newspaper, day and month before page number and column line.

        2.3.6 Online newspaper articles:

        Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document or page. Name of newspaper, (type of medium) Additional date information. Available at : URL (accessed date).

2.4 Using other Document types:

      

       2.4.1 Acts of Parliament:

        The following are the required elements:

Short title with capitalized key words, Year. (Chapter number). Place of Publication. Publisher.

       2.4.2 Statutory instruments:

        Short title (with key words capitalized). Year. The abbreviation ‘SI’ followed by the year of publication and the SI number. Place of Publication: Publisher.

       2.4.3 Official publications such as Command papers:

       The required elements are:

Authorship. Year. Title (in italics), officially assigned number. Eg: command number, within brackets. Place of Publication. Publisher.

       2.4.4 Law reports:

       Name of the parties involved in the law case, Year of reporting, abbreviation for the law reporting series, part number/case number/ page reference if available.

       2.4.5 British standards and International standards:

      Corporate author, Year. Identifying letters and numbers and full title of BS. Place of Publication: Publisher.

      2.4.6 Patents:

      Inventor name, Initial(s). Assignee. Year. Title. Place. Patent number.Status (if an application).

      2.4.7 Dissertations:

      Author. Year of Publication. Title of Dissertation. Level. Official name of University.

      2.4.8 Pictures, Images and Photographs:

      Artist/photographer’s name (if known), year of publication. Title of image (type of medium) Collection details as available.

      2.4.9 Press Release:

      For a paper resource:

Corporate author of press release. Year. Title. Press release and date.

      Electronic:

Corporate author of press release, Year. Title. (press release date), available at : web address. (accessed data).

     2.4.10 Reference from a dictionary:

     Following are the required elements:

(Publishership, Year).